Seismic Section Digitization

Paper and Scanned Sections to SEG-Y 2.1

Convert Seismic Sections into Analysis-Ready Digital Data

GAEA reconstructs trace data from paper, PDF and scanned 2D seismic displays, documents the image-derived provenance, adds available navigation and delivers a QA/QC-reviewed SEG-Y revision 2.1 file.

SEG-Y 2.1 delivery Optional navigation Documented QA/QC workflow
Scanned seismic section being converted into image-derived SEG-Y 2.1 trace data
Accepted inputs

Paper, raster and colour seismic displays

Send the highest-resolution source available. Original exports or lossless scans preserve more detail than compressed screenshots and photocopies.

Files and scans

  • PDF, TIFF, JPEG and PNG
  • Paper-section scans
  • Multi-panel or overlapping sections
  • Line maps and navigation tables

Display styles

  • Wiggle trace and variable area
  • Grayscale variable density
  • Black-to-red and red-to-blue
  • Other calibrated colour palettes

Scan guidance

  • Scan flat, square and without folds
  • Retain axes, scale bars and labels
  • Avoid JPEG recompression
  • Include panel overlaps where needed
Standard deliverable

A documented SEG-Y revision 2.1 file

The quotation confirms project-specific geometry, sample interval, range, identifiers and navigation. Unless another supported configuration is agreed, this is the delivery baseline.

Review the official SEG technical standards

Revision
SEG-Y 2.1, identified in the textual and binary headers
Textual header
3,200-byte ASCII header documenting source, reconstruction and exceptions
Sample encoding
Big-endian, 4-byte IEEE floating point (format code 5)
Trace structure
240-byte standard trace headers; fixed-length traces where applicable
Sampling
Agreed sample interval and start/end time or depth
Identifiers
Available line, trace, shotpoint and/or CDP identifiers
Navigation
Coordinates, scalar, units and documented CRS when supplied
Naming
Agreed file and line naming convention with project notes
Source and deliverable

See what moves from the image into the file

Legacy seismic section used as a digitization source
Source: a scanned seismic display with axes, plotted amplitudes and annotations. Calibration depends on what remains legible.
Synthetic example

GAEA Sample Digitized Seismic Section

A standards-structured file for testing a reader and reviewing proposed metadata. The traces are synthetic and do not represent a real survey.

RevisionSEG-Y 2.1
Trace count24
Samples / trace501
Sample interval4 ms
EncodingIEEE float
GeometrySynthetic 2D line

Not for seismic interpretation or quantitative analysis.

Download synthetic SEG-Y sample
Quality assurance

A defined ten-stage QA/QC workflow

  1. Source reviewConfirm readability, panels, labels and missing areas.
  2. Image rectificationCorrect rotation, distortion and panel alignment.
  3. Time/depth calibrationEstablish origin, scale and sample interval.
  4. Trace calibrationEstablish trace, shotpoint or CDP positions.
  5. Amplitude mappingCalibrate grayscale or colour values.
  6. Polarity and zero reviewConfirm conventions where possible.
  7. Trace reconstructionGenerate regularly sampled digital traces.
  8. Header populationAdd identifiers, geometry and navigation.
  9. Visual comparisonCompare rendered output with the source.
  10. File verificationCheck readability, revision and consistency.
Optional navigation

Coordinates require a documented reference

Navigation is loaded from a table or digitized from a legible line map. GAEA does not infer an unknown coordinate reference system.

  • Provide line ID plus trace, shotpoint or CDP key.
  • Include X/Y or longitude/latitude and coordinate units.
  • Identify CRS, datum and EPSG code where available.
  • Confirm coordinate scalar and trace-header mapping.
  • Agree how gaps and endpoints are interpolated.
  • Map-image digitization has lower positional accuracy.

Preferred navigation table

LineTrace/CDPXY
LINE-011005000005500000
LINE-012005025005500750

Also specify: projected metres, EPSG code, coordinate scalar and interpolation instruction.

Preliminary pricing

Estimate by reconstructed output trace

An output trace is one vertical sequence of reconstructed values written to SEG-Y—not a visible grid line, annotation or source scan column.

1,200 output traces × US$0.50 = US$600 preliminary estimate

Rates can start at US$0.50 per trace. Final pricing depends on source quality, geometry, panel joins, colour calibration, navigation and QA/QC.

Send for a firm quotation

  • Representative source file
  • Number of lines or sections
  • Approximate traces per line
  • Required interval and range
  • Navigation and CRS availability
  • Schedule and intended use
Request a quotation
Project process

From source review to verified delivery

1

Review and scope

Confirm output traces, sampling, geometry, navigation, risks and acceptance requirements.

2

Digitize and verify

Calibrate the image, reconstruct traces, populate headers and compare the rendered output.

3

Deliver SEG-Y 2.1

Receive agreed files, assumptions and any project-specific limitations or exceptions.

Appropriate uses

Bring legacy sections into a digital workflow

  • Archive modernization and line correlation
  • Regional or qualitative structural review
  • Loading into compatible viewers
  • Training and demonstration

Confidential handling and responsible use

Project files are handled as client-confidential data. Transfer, retention and deletion requirements can be agreed before work begins.

Image-derived SEG-Y must not be represented as recovered original data. Quantitative amplitude work, inversion, reprocessing or engineering decisions require an independent suitability assessment.

Frequently asked questions

Before you send a seismic section

What is delivered?

The standard deliverable is an image-derived SEG-Y revision 2.1 file. Project-specific sampling, range, geometry, navigation and naming are confirmed before work begins.

Does digitization recover the original seismic amplitudes?

No. Reconstructed values are derived from the plotted or scanned image and are affected by display gain, clipping, colour scale, printing and scan quality. They are not the original field or processed amplitudes.

Which sources and display styles are supported?

GAEA accepts paper scans and PDF, TIFF, JPEG or PNG files. Supported displays include wiggle trace, variable area, grayscale variable density and calibrated colour palettes.

Can navigation be added?

Yes. Supply coordinates keyed to trace, shotpoint or CDP identifiers, or a legible line map. The coordinate reference system, units, scalar and interpolation method must be documented.

How is pricing estimated?

Pricing can start at US$0.50 per output trace. Source quality, calibration complexity, colour reconstruction, navigation, panel joins and QA/QC can affect the final quotation.

Is the downloadable sample suitable for interpretation?

No. It is a small synthetic SEG-Y 2.1 file provided only to demonstrate structure, headers and readability. It contains no client or field data.

Have a legacy seismic section to evaluate?

Send one representative image plus available scale, geometry and navigation information. We will confirm feasibility, assumptions, deliverables and price.